{"id":5272,"date":"2019-04-22T18:05:21","date_gmt":"2019-04-22T18:05:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/biblian.is\/fraedsla\/?page_id=5272"},"modified":"2026-04-17T13:01:08","modified_gmt":"2026-04-17T13:01:08","slug":"efesusbrefid-inngangur","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/biblian.is\/fraedsla\/ritskyring\/efesusbrefid-inngangur\/","title":{"rendered":"Efesusbr\u00e9fi\u00f0 – Inngangur"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hvers vegna skiptir miklu a\u00f0 tilheyra li\u00f0sheild, vinah\u00f3pi e\u00f0a fj\u00f6lskyldu? Vi\u00f0 lestur Br\u00e9fs P\u00e1ls til Efesusmanna ver\u00f0ur okkur lj\u00f3st, a\u00f0 hver s\u00e1 sem tr\u00fair \u00e1 Jes\u00fa Krist er limur \u00e1 „sama l\u00edkama“, heimama\u00f0ur Gu\u00f0s.<\/em><\/p>\n

Hver eru s\u00e9rkenni Efesusbr\u00e9fsins?<\/h3>\n

\u00cd Efesusbr\u00e9finu eru teknar saman margar helstu kenningar P\u00e1ls postula. H\u00f6fundur \u00e1r\u00e9ttar, a\u00f0 Gu\u00f0 hafi vaki\u00f0 Krist fr\u00e1 dau\u00f0um og l\u00e1ti\u00f0 hann setjast s\u00e9r til h\u00e6gri handar \u00e1 himnum, ofar hverri tign og valdi og m\u00e6tti (1.20-21). \u00de\u00e1 skrifar hann, a\u00f0 Kristur hafi gert „hei\u00f0ingja og \u00cdsraelsmenn a\u00f0 einum,“ rifi\u00f0 ni\u00f0ur vegginn sem skildi \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0 og gert a\u00f0 engu fjandskapinn \u00e1 milli \u00feeirra (2.14). N\u00fa hafa \u00feeir, sem tr\u00faa \u00e1 Jes\u00fa, af heil\u00f6gum anda veri\u00f0 kalla\u00f0ir til \u00feess a\u00f0 vera limir \u00e1 einum og sama l\u00edkama, sem er kirkjan. „Einn er Drottinn, ein tr\u00fa, ein sk\u00edrn,“ ritar P\u00e1ll (4.5). Fr\u00e1 Kristi er s\u00fa gj\u00f6f komin, a\u00f0 „sumir eru postular, sumir sp\u00e1menn, sumir tr\u00fabo\u00f0ar, sumir hir\u00f0ar og kennarar“ (4.11). S\u00ed\u00f0ari hluti br\u00e9fsins inniheldur fj\u00f6ld heilr\u00e6\u00f0a til handa hj\u00f3num, foreldrum og b\u00f6rnum, h\u00fasb\u00e6ndum, \u00fer\u00e6lum og \u00f6llum \u00feeim, sem lifa vilja eins og Gu\u00f0s b\u00f6rn. \u00dear er og l\u00fdst „alv\u00e6pni Gu\u00f0s“, sem hann gefur b\u00f6rnum s\u00ednum til \u00feess a\u00f0 verjast v\u00e9labr\u00f6g\u00f0um dj\u00f6fulsins og heimsdrottnum myrkursins (6.10-17).<\/p>\n

Tilefni Efesusbr\u00e9fsins<\/h3>\n

\u00cd m\u00f6rgum br\u00e9fa P\u00e1ls postula er alveg auglj\u00f3s \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0an fyrir \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 hann rita\u00f0i \u00feau. En \u00feetta \u00e1 ekki vi\u00f0 um Efesusbr\u00e9fi\u00f0. \u00cd \u00fev\u00ed er ekki a\u00f0 finna neinar spurningar e\u00f0a vandkv\u00e6\u00f0i safna\u00f0arins \u00ed Efesus. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fev\u00ed n\u00e6sta erfitt a\u00f0 kve\u00f0a upp \u00far um tilefni Efesusbr\u00e9fsins. \u00de\u00f3 m\u00e1 vera a\u00f0 \u00e1kve\u00f0na v\u00edsbendingu s\u00e9 a\u00f0 finna \u00ed Post 19-20. \u00dear segir fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed, hversu P\u00e1li t\u00f3kst vel upp \u00ed fyrstunni, \u00feegar hann flutti Efesusm\u00f6nnum fagna\u00f0arerindi\u00f0 um Jes\u00fa. En svo t\u00f3k a\u00f0 s\u00edga \u00e1 \u00f3g\u00e6fuhli\u00f0ina, er honum lenti saman vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 sem d\u00fdrku\u00f0u Artemis, verndargy\u00f0ju Efesusmanna. Vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 komst \u00f6ll borgin \u00ed uppn\u00e1m. \u00de\u00f3tt borgarritarinn vildi ekki fara gegn P\u00e1li e\u00f0a refsa honum taldi P\u00e1ll \u00fe\u00f3 r\u00e1\u00f0legast a\u00f0 hafa sig \u00e1 burt. S\u00ed\u00f0arbo\u00f0a\u00f0i hann til s\u00edn \u00f6ldunga safna\u00f0arins \u00ed Efesus, hvatti \u00fe\u00e1 og upp\u00f6rva\u00f0i og bl\u00e9s \u00feeim \u00ed brj\u00f3st kjark til \u00feess a\u00f0 takast \u00e1 vi\u00f0 andbyr og erfi\u00f0leika. \u00dea\u00f0 sem helst hrj\u00e1\u00f0i kristna menn \u00ed Efesus var flokkadr\u00e6ttir innan safna\u00f0arins. Sumir safna\u00f0armenn vildu klj\u00fafa sig fr\u00e1 og a\u00f0hylltust ekki kenningar P\u00e1ls. \u00deess vegna leggur P\u00e1ll svo mikla \u00e1herslu \u00e1 einingu \u00ed kirkjunni.<\/p>\n

Hvernig var \u00e1statt \u00ed Efesus, \u00feegar br\u00e9fi\u00f0 var skrifa\u00f0?<\/h3>\n

\u00cd m\u00f6rgum handritum Efesusbr\u00e9fsins segir \u00ed upphafi, a\u00f0 P\u00e1ll heilsi „hinum heil\u00f6gu \u00ed Efesus.“ \u00deetta vantar \u00ed \u00f6nnur handrit, \u00fear \u00e1 me\u00f0al \u00feau elstu; \u00feau nefna ekki a\u00f0 br\u00e9fi\u00f0 s\u00e9 rita\u00f0 Efesusm\u00f6nnum. \u00dev\u00ed hefur fr\u00e6\u00f0m\u00f6nnum komi\u00f0 \u00ed hug, a\u00f0 br\u00e9fi\u00f0 kunni a\u00f0 hafa veri\u00f0 umbur\u00f0arbr\u00e9f, \u00e6tla\u00f0 m\u00f6rgum s\u00f6fnu\u00f0um \u00ed Litlu-As\u00edu. M\u00e1lfar br\u00e9fsins, st\u00edll og or\u00f0notkun er me\u00f0 nokku\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0rum h\u00e6tti en vant er \u00ed br\u00e9fum P\u00e1ls. \u00de\u00e1 hefur veri\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 bent, a\u00f0 P\u00e1ll hafi sannanlega dvali\u00f0 \u00ed Efesus \u00ed \u00ferj\u00fa \u00e1r og reynt a\u00f0 koma \u00fear \u00e1 f\u00f3t kristnum s\u00f6fnu\u00f0i (Post 18.19-21; 19.1-20; 20.17-38), en af br\u00e9finu s\u00e9 hins vegar ekki a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 a\u00f0 fundum h\u00f6fundarins og lesendanna hafi nokkru sinni bori\u00f0 saman (1.15). \u00deetta hefur or\u00f0i\u00f0 til \u00feess, a\u00f0 bibl\u00edusk\u00fdrendur hafa haft \u00fdmsar sko\u00f0anir \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed hver skrifa\u00f0i br\u00e9fi\u00f0 og hven\u00e6r. Sumir eru \u00fe\u00f3 \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 P\u00e1ll s\u00e9 h\u00f6fundurinn. Kemur \u00fear einkum til hve br\u00e9finu \u00feykir svipa til annarra skrifa P\u00e1ls, ekki s\u00edst K\u00f3lossubr\u00e9fsins.<\/p>\n

Efnisskipan br\u00e9fsins<\/h3>\n

\u00cd Efesusbr\u00e9finu eru stutt upphafs- og lokaor\u00f0 (1.1,2 og 6.21-24). \u00cd meginm\u00e1linu er fari\u00f0 yfir kristna tr\u00faarkenningu og gefnar lei\u00f0beiningar um \u00fea\u00f0 hversu kristinn ma\u00f0ur skuli lifa l\u00edfi s\u00ednu eins og Gu\u00f0s barn. Efnisyfirlit br\u00e9fsins er svofellt:<\/p>\n