{"id":5234,"date":"2019-04-22T17:15:19","date_gmt":"2019-04-22T17:15:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/biblian.is\/fraedsla\/?page_id=5234"},"modified":"2026-04-17T13:01:10","modified_gmt":"2026-04-17T13:01:10","slug":"hebreabrefid-inngangur","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/biblian.is\/fraedsla\/ritskyring\/hebreabrefid-inngangur\/","title":{"rendered":"Hebreabr\u00e9fi\u00f0 – Inngangur"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cd musterinu \u00ed Jer\u00fasalem f\u00e6r\u00f0i \u00e6\u00f0sti prestur Gy\u00f0inga f\u00f3rnir til \u00feess a\u00f0 Gu\u00f0 afm\u00e1\u00f0i misgj\u00f6r\u00f0ir f\u00f3lksins. En hvernig g\u00e1tu kristnir menn hloti\u00f0 fyrirgefningu og or\u00f0i\u00f0 Gu\u00f0i vel\u00fe\u00f3knanlegir? Hebreabr\u00e9fi\u00f0 svarar \u00feessum spurningum.<\/em><\/p>\n

Hver eru s\u00e9rkenni Hebreabr\u00e9fsins?<\/h3>\n

Hebreabr\u00e9fi\u00f0 er einstakt tr\u00faarrit, \u00e1n hli\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0u. \u00cd \u00fev\u00ed er kristin tr\u00fa skilgreind og \u00fatsk\u00fdr\u00f0 b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed lj\u00f3si helgirita Gy\u00f0inga og hugmynda gr\u00edskrar menningar og heimspeki. Gr\u00edskan \u00e1 ritinu er \u00ed senn f\u00f6gur og \u00e6\u00f0i margslungin samanbori\u00f0 vi\u00f0 flest \u00f6nnur rit N\u00fdja testamentis. Sta\u00f0h\u00e6fingum s\u00ednum til stu\u00f0nings beitir h\u00f6fundur m\u00e6lskulist og r\u00f6ksemdaf\u00e6rslum sem algengar voru og vel \u00feekktar \u00ed samt\u00ed\u00f0a hans.<\/p>\n

Hebreabr\u00e9fi\u00f0 er a\u00f0 s\u00f6nnu nefnt „br\u00e9f“, enda l\u00fdkur \u00fev\u00ed me\u00f0 hef\u00f0bundnum kve\u00f0jum og fyrirb\u00e6n (13.22-25). En \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00ed rauninni st\u00f3rfengleg pr\u00e9dikun, vandlega sett saman til \u00feess a\u00f0 svara grundvallarspurningum um kristna tr\u00fa og til \u00feess a\u00f0 sannf\u00e6ra lesendur um \u00f3vi\u00f0jafnanlegt mikilv\u00e6gi Jes\u00fa Krists.<\/p>\n

Hvert var tilefni br\u00e9fsins?<\/h3>\n

Margir tr\u00famenn \u00e1 fyrstu \u00f6ldinni, Gy\u00f0ingar jafnt sem Grikkir, voru nokku\u00f0 efins um kristind\u00f3minn. Hebreabr\u00e9fi\u00f0 l\u00fdsir \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 kristind\u00f3murinn \u00e1 r\u00e6tur \u00ed gy\u00f0ingd\u00f3mi, en gerir einnig grein fyrir mismuninum \u00e1 \u00feessum tr\u00faarbr\u00f6g\u00f0um tveimur. \u00dea\u00f0, sem helst skilur a\u00f0 kristnina og gy\u00f0ingd\u00f3minn, er sj\u00e1lfur Jes\u00fas Kristur. Hann er \u00e6\u00f0sti presturinn, sem bar sj\u00e1lfan sig fram sem syndaf\u00f3rn \u00ed eitt skipti fyrir \u00f6ll (9.23-10.18). Hann d\u00f3 og var grafinn og reis upp aftur. Me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed greiddi hann \u00f6llum m\u00f6nnum veg inn \u00ed sj\u00e1lfan himininn (4.14-5.10; 7.1-8.13).<\/p>\n

H\u00f6fundurinn segir Jes\u00fa meiri en nokkurn af englum Gu\u00f0s (1.5-14), meiri en nokkurn sp\u00e1mann, jafnvel meiri en M\u00f3se og J\u00f3s\u00faa (2.1-4.14). Fyrirgefningu syndanna og l\u00edfi\u00f0 n\u00fdja sem Jes\u00fas f\u00e6rir \u00f6\u00f0last mennirnir a\u00f0eins fyrir tr\u00fa. Og tr\u00fain veitir l\u00e6risveinum Jes\u00fas fullvissu um \u00fea\u00f0 sem \u00feeir vona og sannf\u00e6ringu um \u00fe\u00e1 hluti, sem eigi er au\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 (11.1). H\u00f6fundurinn lofar \u00fe\u00e1, sem tr\u00fa\u00f0u til forna (11.2-40), \u00feann „fj\u00f6lda votta“ sem uimkringja kristna menn \u00feegar \u00feeir \u00fereyta \u00feolg\u00f3\u00f0ir skei\u00f0i\u00f0 sem framundan er (12.1). En umfram allt mega \u00feeir ekki l\u00e1ta hugfallast, heldur beina sj\u00f3num s\u00ednum til Jes\u00fa, h\u00f6fundar og fullkomnara tr\u00faarinnar (12.2,3).<\/p>\n

N\u00e1nar um Hebreabr\u00e9fi\u00f0<\/h3>\n

Ekki er unnt a\u00f0 segja til um \u00fea\u00f0 me\u00f0 vissu, hver skrifa\u00f0i Hebreabr\u00e9fi\u00f0 e\u00f0a hven\u00e6r. St\u00edll br\u00e9fsins og m\u00e1lfar eru \u00f3l\u00edk \u00f6\u00f0rum br\u00e9fum P\u00e1ls postula \u00ed N\u00fdja testamenti. Dj\u00faps\u00e6ja gu\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ina, sem fjallar um Krist og hj\u00e1lpr\u00e6\u00f0isverk hans, hl\u00fdtur a\u00f0 hafa teki\u00f0 drj\u00fagan t\u00edma a\u00f0 \u00edgrunda. Riti\u00f0 hefur \u00fev\u00ed tr\u00falega or\u00f0i\u00f0 til eftir \u00e1ri\u00f0 60 e. Kr., en \u00e1rei\u00f0anlega fyrir \u00e1ri\u00f0 95, \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 vitnar Klemens af R\u00f3m \u00ed \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed sendibr\u00e9fi.<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er l\u00edka \u00f3v\u00edst, hverjir fyrstu lesendurnir voru. \u00cd 13.24 er vi\u00f0takendum borin heilsun „mannanna fr\u00e1 \u00cdtal\u00edu“ og kunna \u00feeir a\u00f0 hafa veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 bi\u00f0ja fyrir kve\u00f0ju heim til s\u00edn. Greinilegt er, a\u00f0 sumir \u00feeir sem riti\u00f0 er \u00e6tla\u00f0, hafa m\u00e1tt \u00feola miklar \u00ferengingar, veri\u00f0 sm\u00e1na\u00f0ir opinberlega og sviptir eignum s\u00ednum (10.32-34). \u00de\u00e1 hafa einhverjir l\u00e6risveinanna veri\u00f0 h\u00e6ttir a\u00f0 s\u00e6kja safna\u00f0arsamkomur, af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 endurkoma Krists dr\u00f3st \u00e1 langinn (10.25). Hvort tveggja \u00feetta bendir til \u00feess a\u00f0 ritverki\u00f0 s\u00e9 sami\u00f0 handa kristnu safna\u00f0arf\u00f3lki \u00e1 ofanver\u00f0ri fyrstu \u00f6ldinni.<\/p>\n

Efnisskipan Hebreabr\u00e9fsins<\/h3>\n

Hebreabr\u00e9fi\u00f0 er vandlega samin r\u00e6\u00f0a e\u00f0a pr\u00e9dikun. Efni\u00f0 er sett fram af mikilli n\u00e1kv\u00e6mni. H\u00f6fundurinn gerir \u00fdmist a\u00f0 fr\u00e6\u00f0a e\u00f0a gefa r\u00e1\u00f0. Fimm meginsto\u00f0ir bera uppi r\u00f6ksemdaf\u00e6rsluna. Hverri \u00feeirra er fylgt eftir me\u00f0 forskriftum um l\u00edferni safna\u00f0ar Gu\u00f0s.<\/p>\n