{"id":5230,"date":"2019-04-22T17:10:59","date_gmt":"2019-04-22T17:10:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/biblian.is\/fraedsla\/?page_id=5230"},"modified":"2026-04-17T13:01:09","modified_gmt":"2026-04-17T13:01:09","slug":"fyrra-petursbref-inngangur","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/biblian.is\/fraedsla\/ritskyring\/fyrra-petursbref-inngangur\/","title":{"rendered":"Fyrra P\u00e9tursbr\u00e9f – Inngangur"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u00f6fundur Fyrra P\u00e9tursbr\u00e9fs skrifar: „\u00dei\u00f0 sem \u00e1\u00f0ur voru ekki l\u00fd\u00f0ur eru\u00f0 n\u00fa or\u00f0in „Gu\u00f0s l\u00fd\u00f0ur“ (2.10). Lesi\u00f0 br\u00e9f hans til \u00feess a\u00f0 komast \u00e1 sno\u00f0ir um tregann og gle\u00f0ina, sem \u00feeir eiga \u00ed v\u00e6ndum, sem fylgja Jes\u00fa.<\/em><\/p>\n

Hver eru einkenni Fyrra P\u00e9tursbr\u00e9fs?<\/h3>\n

\u00deetta rit N\u00fdja testamentis er \u00ed b\u00faningi sendibr\u00e9fs, \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 miklu fremur ritger\u00f0 e\u00f0a pr\u00e9dikun. Sl\u00edk „tilskrif“ voru \u00e6\u00f0i algengt b\u00f3kmenntaform \u00ed ver\u00f6ld Grikkja og R\u00f3mverja. Fyrst og s\u00ed\u00f0ast er heilsa\u00f0 og kvatt (1.1,2; 5.12-14). A\u00f0alstefin (1.3-5.11) eru a\u00f0 meginhluta hin s\u00f6mu og \u00ed m\u00f6rgum \u00f6\u00f0rum ritum N\u00fdja testamentis, og eins er um st\u00edlinn. Dau\u00f0a Jes\u00fa og upprisu er gert jafn h\u00e1tt undir h\u00f6f\u00f0i og \u00ed gu\u00f0spj\u00f6llunum. Rifja\u00f0ar eru upp kenningar Jes\u00fa um mikilv\u00e6gi \u00feess a\u00f0 treysta Gu\u00f0i, um h\u00f3gv\u00e6r\u00f0ina sem h\u00f6fu\u00f0dygg\u00f0 og um \u00e6\u00f0ruleysi \u00ed \u00ferengingum. N\u00f6fn \u00feeirra P\u00e9turs, Silvanusar og Mark\u00fasar, sem vi\u00f0 minnumst \u00far Postulas\u00f6gunni, eru nefnd. \u00dea\u00f0 er dregin upp mynd af frumkirkjunni, \u00feegar s\u00f6fnu\u00f0urinn kom saman \u00ed heimah\u00fasum. \u00cd Fyrra P\u00e9tursbr\u00e9fi eru hinir kristnu hvattir til \u00feess a\u00f0 fylgja ford\u00e6mi Krists. \u00deeir eiga a\u00f0 lifa \u00ed gu\u00f0s\u00f3tta og g\u00f3\u00f0um si\u00f0um. En \u00feeim er l\u00edka sagt, eins og \u00ed br\u00e9fum P\u00e1ls postula, a\u00f0 \u00feeir megi b\u00faast vi\u00f0 andstreymi og erfi\u00f0leikum. Ennfremur r\u00e6\u00f0ir h\u00f6fundur um fj\u00f6lskyldul\u00edf kristins manns og br\u00f3\u00f0urk\u00e6rleikann safna\u00f0armanna \u00ed milli og minnir a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed leyti \u00e1 Fyrsta br\u00e9f J\u00f3hannesar hi\u00f0 almenna. Og eins og \u00ed Hebreabr\u00e9finu er skrifa\u00f0 um \u00fea\u00f0, a\u00f0 menn, sem \u00f3ttast e\u00f0a hata l\u00e6risveina Jes\u00fa, kunni a\u00f0 ofs\u00e6kja \u00fe\u00e1 og gera r\u00e6ka \u00far mannf\u00e9laginu.<\/p>\n

Hvers vegna var Fyrra P\u00e9tursbr\u00e9f rita\u00f0?<\/h3>\n

Br\u00e9fi\u00f0 er \u00e6tla\u00f0 Krists vinum (hei\u00f0ing-kristnum) v\u00ed\u00f0s vegar um nor\u00f0anver\u00f0a Litlu-As\u00edu (1.1). H\u00f6fundi er miki\u00f0 \u00ed mun, a\u00f0 lesendur hans b\u00fai sig undir a\u00f0 \u00feola illt fyrir tr\u00fa s\u00edna (2.19-21; 3.13-15; 4.1,2,12-19; 5.9-11). En \u00fej\u00e1ningarnar eiga ekki s\u00ed\u00f0asta or\u00f0i\u00f0, af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 Jes\u00fas lei\u00f0 og d\u00f3 til syndafyrirgefningar, og s\u00ed\u00f0an reisti Gu\u00f0 hann upp fr\u00e1 dau\u00f0um. Kristnir menn eiga s\u00e9r \u00fe\u00e1 von, a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a \u00e1 sama h\u00e1tt reistir upp til n\u00fds l\u00edfs, en \u00fea\u00f0 fyrirheiti er gj\u00f6f sk\u00edrnarinnar. \u00d6nnur br\u00fdn umr\u00e6\u00f0uefni \u00ed Fyrra P\u00e9tursbr\u00e9fi eru eftirfarandi:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Gu\u00f0 er \u00ed Jes\u00fa Kristi a\u00f0 skapa s\u00e9r n\u00fdjan l\u00fd\u00f0 (1.3-25; 3.4-12).<\/li>\n
  2. Hinn n\u00fdi l\u00fd\u00f0ur Gu\u00f0s (kirkjan) er kalla\u00f0ur til \u00feess a\u00f0 lifa \u00ed heilagleika og ver\u00f0a heil\u00f6g \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 (1.13-2.17; 3.1-7; 4.1-11; 5.1-11).<\/li>\n
  3. Hinn n\u00fdi l\u00fd\u00f0ur Gu\u00f0s \u00e1 a\u00f0 vera au\u00f0sveipur keisaranum \u00ed R\u00f3m og vir\u00f0a l\u00f6g heimsveldisins (2.13-17), en umfram allt ber honum \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 hei\u00f0ra Krist og hl\u00fd\u00f0a Gu\u00f0i (3.15-17), og jafnt fyrir \u00fev\u00ed \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00fea\u00f0 lei\u00f0i til andstreymis e\u00f0a vinslita (4.1-4).<\/li>\n
  4. \u00deeir, sem eru sk\u00edr\u00f0ir, eru frelsa\u00f0ir og eiga \u00feegar eil\u00edfa l\u00edfi\u00f0 me\u00f0 Kristi (3.21,22).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    N\u00e1nar um Fyrra P\u00e9tursbr\u00e9f<\/h3>\n

    Br\u00e9fi\u00f0 hefur veri\u00f0 eigna\u00f0 P\u00e9tri, l\u00e6risveini Jes\u00fa (1.1), og hefur inni a\u00f0 halda kve\u00f0jur fr\u00e1 n\u00e1num samstarfsm\u00f6nnum P\u00e1ls postula, \u00feeim Silvanusi og Mark\u00fasi (5.12,13; Post 15.37-40). Vi\u00f0 n\u00e1nari athugun kemur \u00fe\u00f3 \u00ed lj\u00f3s, a\u00f0 fiskima\u00f0ur fr\u00e1 Gal\u00edleu hefur t\u00e6plega haft \u00e1 valdi s\u00ednu \u00fea\u00f0 or\u00f0f\u00e6ri menntamannsins og rismikinn st\u00edlinn, sem \u00e1 br\u00e9finu er (Mrk 1.16,17; 3.16). Fremur hefur br\u00e9fi\u00f0 veri\u00f0 kennt P\u00e9tri \u00ed vir\u00f0ingarskyni, eins og alsi\u00f0a var \u00ed \u00feennan t\u00edma. \u00dear e\u00f0 fj\u00f6lyrt er um yfirstandandi \u00ferengingar og jafnframt \u00fea\u00f0 m\u00f3tl\u00e6ti, er v\u00e6nta megi \u00ed framt\u00ed\u00f0, m\u00e1 \u00e6tla a\u00f0 br\u00e9fi\u00f0 hafi veri\u00f0 rita\u00f0, \u00feegar kristnir menn voru a\u00f0 falla \u00ed \u00f3n\u00e1\u00f0 hj\u00e1 r\u00f3mversku yfirv\u00f6ldunum. Fram a\u00f0 r\u00edkis\u00e1rum D\u00f3mit\u00edanusar keisara (81-96 e. Kr.) h\u00f6f\u00f0u R\u00f3mverjar l\u00e1ti\u00f0 hina kristnu \u00ed fri\u00f0i og tali\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 vera part af gy\u00f0ingd\u00f3minum, sem naut s\u00e9rlegrar verndar \u00feeirra. Undantekning fr\u00e1 \u00feessu voru a\u00f0 v\u00edsu ofs\u00f3knir Ner\u00f3s keisara \u00e1 hendur s\u00f6fnu\u00f0i Krists \u00ed R\u00f3maborg \u00ed kringum \u00e1ri\u00f0 64 e. Kr. En \u00e1 stj\u00f3rnar\u00e1rum D\u00f3mit\u00edanusar skildu lei\u00f0ir s\u00fdnag\u00f3gunnar og kirkjunnar, svo a\u00f0 ekki var\u00f0 um villst. \u00de\u00e1 t\u00f3ku R\u00f3mverjar a\u00f0 hegna \u00feeim, sem afs\u00f6g\u00f0u a\u00f0 f\u00e6ra keisaranum f\u00f3rnir, en hann haf\u00f0i opinberlega veri\u00f0 l\u00fdstur gu\u00f0. Sj\u00e1 n\u00e1nar „R\u00f3mverska heimsveldi\u00f0“<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Fyrra P\u00e9tursbr\u00e9f hefur og inni a\u00f0 halda brot af s\u00e1lmum og j\u00e1tningatextum, sem haf\u00f0ir hafa veri\u00f0 um h\u00f6nd \u00ed gu\u00f0s\u00fej\u00f3nustu \u00feessa t\u00edma (1.20; 2.21-25; 3.18-22). \u00deetta efni breg\u00f0ur birtu yfir l\u00edf og helgihald frumkirkjunnar.<\/p>\n

    Efnisyfirlit Fyrra P\u00e9tursbr\u00e9fs.<\/h3>\n