{"id":5228,"date":"2019-04-22T17:04:41","date_gmt":"2019-04-22T17:04:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/biblian.is\/fraedsla\/?page_id=5228"},"modified":"2025-06-27T02:08:44","modified_gmt":"2025-06-27T02:08:44","slug":"sidara-petursbref-inngangur","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/biblian.is\/fraedsla\/ritskyring\/sidara-petursbref-inngangur\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00ed\u00f0ara P\u00e9tursbr\u00e9f – Inngangur"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kristur Jes\u00fas kom \u00ed heiminn honum til frelsunar og til \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fatvelja s\u00e9r eignarl\u00fd\u00f0. Hann mun aftur koma einn dag \u00ed framt\u00ed\u00f0 og \u00fe\u00e1 mun b\u00f6rnum hans veitast inngangur \u00ed hi\u00f0 eil\u00edfa d\u00fdr\u00f0arr\u00edki Drottins. Lesum S\u00ed\u00f0ara P\u00e9tursbr\u00e9f og komumst a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed hvernig kristnum ber a\u00f0 lifa \u00e1 me\u00f0an \u00feeir b\u00ed\u00f0a.<\/em><\/p>\n

Hver eru einkenni S\u00ed\u00f0ara P\u00e9tursbr\u00e9fs?<\/h3>\n

H\u00f6fundur S\u00ed\u00f0ara P\u00e9tursbr\u00e9fs byrjar \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 heilsa lesendum s\u00ednum samkv\u00e6mt hef\u00f0 og venju (1.1,2). En rit hans er \u00ed raun hinsta kve\u00f0ja P\u00e9turs postula fremur en sendibr\u00e9f. Postulinn veit, a\u00f0 hann \u00e1 skammt eftir \u00f3lifa\u00f0 (1.14) og vill \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1minna hina kristnu \u00ed s\u00ed\u00f0asta sinn og r\u00e1\u00f0a \u00feeim heilt. Br\u00e9fi\u00f0 er a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed leyti l\u00edkt sumum kve\u00f0jur\u00e6\u00f0um \u00f6\u00f0rum \u00ed Bibl\u00edunni (Mrk 13; J\u00f3h 13-17; Post 20.17-35; J\u00f3s 23,24).<\/p>\n

\u00de\u00f3tt \u00ed br\u00e9finu s\u00e9 a\u00f0 finna hollr\u00e1\u00f0 og lei\u00f0s\u00f6gn \u00e1 komandi d\u00f6gum (1.12-15; 3.1,2), \u00fe\u00e1 er einnig fjalla\u00f0 um spurningar, sem hv\u00edla \u00feungt \u00e1 lesendunum \u00e1 yfirstandandi t\u00ed\u00f0 (2.10-22; 3.8,9). Br\u00e9fi\u00f0, sem fjallar um endurkomu Krists, er a\u00f0 kalla m\u00e1 n\u00e6r alveg samhlj\u00f3\u00f0a J\u00fadasarbr\u00e9fi. \u00dea\u00f0 er ekki vita\u00f0 me\u00f0 vissu, hver skrifa\u00f0i \u00fea\u00f0, n\u00e9 heldur hven\u00e6r \u00fea\u00f0 var skrifa\u00f0.<\/p>\n

Hvers vegna var S\u00ed\u00f0ara P\u00e9tursbr\u00e9f skrifa\u00f0?<\/h3>\n

Br\u00e9fritari varar vi\u00f0 falssp\u00e1m\u00f6nnum og falskennendum, sem halda fram h\u00e6ttulegum villukenningum, lei\u00f0a menn afvega og grafa undan tr\u00fanni. Vi\u00f0 sl\u00edku skulu kristnir menn breg\u00f0ast me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 s\u00fdna tr\u00fa s\u00edna \u00ed verki og lifa heil\u00f6gu og gu\u00f0r\u00e6kilegu l\u00edfi, flekklausir og vammlausir. \u00deeir eiga ekki a\u00f0 hvika fr\u00e1 sannleikanum, sem er \u00feekkingin \u00e1 Jes\u00fa Kristi (1.3; 1.12). Hann fullvissar lesendur s\u00edna um endurkomu Krists, enda \u00fe\u00f3tt h\u00fan hafi ekki or\u00f0i\u00f0 jafnskj\u00f3tt og sumir bjuggust vi\u00f0 (3.4). En s\u00f6fnu\u00f0urinn \u00e1 a\u00f0 v\u00e6nta hennar \u00ed \u00feolinm\u00e6\u00f0i og hl\u00fd\u00f0ni og kappkosta a\u00f0 lifa heil\u00f6gu og gu\u00f0r\u00e6kilegu l\u00edfi, \u00e1 me\u00f0an be\u00f0i\u00f0 er dags Drottins (3.14).<\/p>\n

N\u00e1nar um S\u00ed\u00f0ara P\u00e9tursbr\u00e9f<\/h3>\n

Br\u00e9fritarinn kve\u00f0st vera P\u00e9tur postuli sj\u00e1lfur (1.1,2), og hafi hann or\u00f0i\u00f0 vitni a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed \u00feegar Jes\u00fas ummynda\u00f0ist \u00e1 fjallinu og opinbera\u00f0i d\u00fdr\u00f0 s\u00edna (sj\u00e1 1.17,18; Mrk 9.2-8; Matt 17.1-9). Flestir n\u00fdjatestamentisfr\u00e6\u00f0ingar hallast samt frekar a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 h\u00f6fundur br\u00e9fsins veri\u00f0 l\u00e6risveinn P\u00e9turs og hafi hann skrifa\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 einhvern t\u00edma eftir a\u00f0 P\u00e9tur var allur og kennt \u00fea\u00f0 meistara s\u00ednum \u00ed hei\u00f0ursskyni, en l\u00edka til \u00feess a\u00f0 halda uppi v\u00f6rnum fyrir kenningar hans og postulanna frammi fyrir n\u00fdjum andst\u00e6\u00f0ingum. L\u00edtum \u00e1 eftirfarandi, sem m\u00e6lir \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed m\u00f3ti, a\u00f0 P\u00e9tur postuli s\u00e9 h\u00f6fundur br\u00e9fsins:<\/p>\n

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  1. St\u00edllinn \u00e1 br\u00e9finu l\u00edkist meira m\u00e1lfari gr\u00edskra menntamanna \u00e1 annarri \u00f6ldinni en fundi\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur \u00e1 nokkru \u00f6\u00f0ru riti N\u00fdja testamentis. P\u00e9tur postuli var aftur \u00e1 m\u00f3ti \u00f3sk\u00f3lagenginn fiskima\u00f0ur fr\u00e1 Gal\u00edleu og d\u00f3 a\u00f0 l\u00edkindum \u00ed R\u00f3maborg \u00ed kringum \u00e1ri\u00f0 65 e.Kr.<\/li>\n
  2. H\u00f6fundur r\u00e6\u00f0ir um br\u00e9f P\u00e1ls postula eins og \u00feau s\u00e9u \u00feegar or\u00f0in helgirit \u00ed frumkirkjunni (3.15,16). \u00deegar a\u00f0rir h\u00f6fundar N\u00fdja testamentis minnast \u00e1 „ritningar“ eiga \u00feeir vi\u00f0 Helgiritasafn Gy\u00f0inga (Gamla testamenti), sem var Bibl\u00eda Jes\u00fa og l\u00e6risveina hans, \u00e1\u00f0ur en rit N\u00fdja testamentis ur\u00f0u til. Tali\u00f0 er, a\u00f0 P\u00e1ll postuli hafi d\u00e1i\u00f0 um l\u00edkt leyti og P\u00e9tur og \u00f3l\u00edklegt er, a\u00f0 br\u00e9f hans hafi or\u00f0i\u00f0 „kanon\u00edsk“, \u00fe.e. tekin \u00ed helgiritasafn hinna kristnu safna\u00f0a, fyrr en nokkrum \u00e1rum eftir dau\u00f0a hans. (Gr\u00edska or\u00f0i\u00f0 kanon\u00a0<\/em>\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir m\u00e6listika).<\/li>\n
  3. \u00cd m\u00f6rgum br\u00e9fum N\u00fdja testamentis er endurkomu Krists v\u00e6nst flj\u00f3tlega og me\u00f0 tilhl\u00f6kkun (Fil 1.20; 2.16; 3.20,21; 1\u00deess 4.13-18). En \u00ed S\u00ed\u00f0ara P\u00e9tursbr\u00e9fi er svo a\u00f0 sj\u00e1, a\u00f0 endurkoman hafi dregist \u00e1 langinn, og \u00feer r\u00e6\u00f0ir um falskennara, sem draga d\u00e1r a\u00f0 hinum kristnu fyrir a\u00f0 vonast eftir endurkomunni, og segja: „S\u00ed\u00f0an fe\u00f0urnir sofnu\u00f0u stendur allt vi\u00f0 hi\u00f0 sama eins og fr\u00e1 upphafi veraldar“ (3.4). P\u00e9tur heyr\u00f0i til fyrstu kynsl\u00f3\u00f0 safna\u00f0arlei\u00f0toga, sem v\u00e6nti endurkomunnar innan skamms. En h\u00f6fundur br\u00e9fsins br\u00fdnir fyrir lesendum s\u00ednum a\u00f0 b\u00ed\u00f0a \u00feolinm\u00f3\u00f0ir og missa ekki vonina um endurkomu Krists, enda ver\u00f0i Drottinn ekki seinn \u00e1 s\u00e9r a\u00f0 efna fyrirheiti\u00f0 (3.9). Vita\u00f0 er, a\u00f0 \u00feetta vandam\u00e1l var ekki ofarlega \u00e1 baugi, \u00feegar P\u00e9tur var \u00e1 d\u00f6gum.<\/li>\n
  4. Vi\u00f0 samanbur\u00f0 kemur \u00ed lj\u00f3s, a\u00f0 h\u00f6fundur S\u00ed\u00f0ara P\u00e9tursbr\u00e9fs hefur teki\u00f0 miki\u00f0 af efni J\u00fadasarbr\u00e9fs traustataki og fellt inn \u00ed rit sitt (2P\u00e9t 2.1-3.3; J\u00fad 4-19). \u00dear e\u00f0 J\u00fadasarbr\u00e9f er me\u00f0 yngstu ritum N\u00fdja testamentis, m\u00e1 af \u00feessu lj\u00f3st vera, a\u00f0 S\u00ed\u00f0ara P\u00e9tursbr\u00e9f er enn yngra; \u00fea\u00f0 hefur veri\u00f0 greinilega skrifa\u00f0 eftir a\u00f0 J\u00fadasarbr\u00e9f var fest \u00e1 bla\u00f0.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Efnisyfirlit S\u00ed\u00f0ara P\u00e9tursbr\u00e9fs<\/h3>\n

    Br\u00e9fi\u00f0 byrjar me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 kristnum m\u00f6nnum er heilsa\u00f0 stuttlega (1.1,2), en \u00e1n frekari utan\u00e1skriftar. \u00cd lokin eru blessunaror\u00f0, en ekki beinar kve\u00f0jur (3.18). Efnisyfirliti\u00f0 er \u00feannig:<\/p>\n