{"id":5226,"date":"2019-04-22T16:54:21","date_gmt":"2019-04-22T16:54:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/biblian.is\/fraedsla\/?page_id=5226"},"modified":"2025-06-27T02:08:44","modified_gmt":"2025-06-27T02:08:44","slug":"opinberunarbok-johannesar-inngangur","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/biblian.is\/fraedsla\/ritskyring\/opinberunarbok-johannesar-inngangur\/","title":{"rendered":"Opinberunarb\u00f3k J\u00f3hannesar – Inngangur"},"content":{"rendered":"

Herna\u00f0ur, h\u00f6rmungar, hungur og Harmaged\u00f3n!<\/em><\/p>\n

Opinberunarb\u00f3k J\u00f3hannesar greinir fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed er Gu\u00f0 vinnur fullna\u00f0arsigur \u00e1 hinu illa og kemur \u00e1 f\u00f3t n\u00fdjum og \u00f6ruggum samasta\u00f0 fri\u00f0ar og fagna\u00f0ar handa s\u00ednum \u00fatv\u00f6ldu.<\/em><\/p>\n

Hver eru einkenni Opinberunarb\u00f3kar J\u00f3hannesar?<\/h3>\n

Or\u00f0i\u00f0, sem \u00e1 \u00edslensku er \u00fe\u00fdtt me\u00f0 „opinberun“ (1.1) er \u00e1 gr\u00edsku apokalypsis <\/em>og merkir upplj\u00f3strun, afhj\u00fapun e\u00f0a augl\u00fdsing. Opinberun J\u00f3hannesar er af \u00feeim mei\u00f0i b\u00f3kmennta, sem nefnist opinberunarrit. \u00deau leitast vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 birta m\u00f6nnum hulda d\u00f3ma himinsins og fjalla oft um endalok mannkynss\u00f6gunnar. Venjulega skiptist alheimur \u00fe\u00e1 \u00ed tv\u00f6 li\u00f0, gott og illt. Vi\u00f0 lok t\u00edmanna m\u00e1 hi\u00f0 illa, undir stj\u00f3rn Satans, l\u00fata \u00ed l\u00e6gra haldi fyrir \u00fev\u00ed g\u00f3\u00f0a, sem Gu\u00f0 st\u00fdrir. A\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed b\u00fanu kallar Gu\u00f0 fram n\u00fdja sk\u00f6pun og allir \u00feeir sem veri\u00f0 hafa tr\u00fair munu eignast eil\u00edft l\u00edf me\u00f0 honum. \u00cd \u00f6\u00f0rum ritum Bibl\u00edunnar er einstaka kafla a\u00f0 finna, sem heyra til opinberunarb\u00f3kmenntum, svo sem Dan\u00edel 7-12 og 13. kap\u00edtula Mark\u00fasargu\u00f0spjalls, en Opinberunarb\u00f3k J\u00f3hannesar er hi\u00f0 eina, sem eing\u00f6ngu hefur inni a\u00f0 halda efni af \u00feessum toga.<\/p>\n

Opinberunarb\u00f3kin h\u00f6f\u00f0ar mj\u00f6g til \u00edmyndunaraflsins. H\u00fan l\u00fdsir hinum komandi degi Drottins me\u00f0 \u00e6silegu myndm\u00e1li. Teflt er fram m\u00f6rgum og mismunandi t\u00e1knum eins og t.d. f\u00f3lki \u00ed gervi villid\u00fdra, og litum og t\u00f6lust\u00f6fum sem b\u00faa yfir dulinni merkingu sem sp\u00e1ir fyrir um \u00fea\u00f0 hven\u00e6r Gu\u00f0i muni l\u00e1ta ver\u00f0a endi veraldar.<\/p>\n

B\u00f3karh\u00f6fundur var gagnkunnugur helgiritum Gy\u00f0inga (Gamla testamenti). Meira en helmingur allra versa Opinberunarb\u00f3karinnar byggir \u00e1 efni \u00far Gamla testamenti, beint e\u00f0a \u00f3beint. \u00deetta er nau\u00f0synlegt a\u00f0 hafa \u00ed huga til \u00feess a\u00f0 skilja bo\u00f0skap hennar.<\/p>\n

Hvers vegna var Opinberunab\u00f3kin skrifu\u00f0?<\/h3>\n

Vi\u00f0 lok fyrstu aldarinnar eftir Krists bur\u00f0 var \u00f6llum \u00feegnum r\u00f3mverska heimsveldisins skipa\u00f0 a\u00f0 tilbi\u00f0ja keisarann og f\u00e6ra honum f\u00f3rnir, enda h\u00f6f\u00f0u \u00fe\u00e1 keisararnir l\u00fdst sj\u00e1lfa sig gu\u00f0i. \u00deeir, sem ekki hl\u00fdddu \u00feessu, voru \u00e1litnir sitja \u00e1 svikr\u00e1\u00f0um vi\u00f0 r\u00edki\u00f0 og m\u00e1ttu b\u00faast vi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a teknir af l\u00edfi. Kristnir menn veltu \u00fev\u00ed fyrir s\u00e9r \u00ed fyllstu alv\u00f6ru, hvort m\u00f3t\u00fer\u00f3i \u00feeirra yr\u00f0i til \u00feess, a\u00f0 kirkjan li\u00f0i undir lok. Og blikna\u00f0i \u00fe\u00e1 ekki s\u00fa von, a\u00f0 Drottinn k\u00e6mi til skjalanna og t\u00e6ki s\u00e9r \u00f6ll v\u00f6ld \u00e1 j\u00f6r\u00f0u, og yr\u00f0i a\u00f0 engu? H\u00f6fundur Opinberunarb\u00f3karinnar f\u00e9kk s\u00e9rleg bo\u00f0 fr\u00e1 Gu\u00f0i sem h\u00f6f\u00f0u inni a\u00f0 halda sv\u00f6r vi\u00f0 \u00feessum spurningum. \u00deeim kom hann \u00e1 framf\u00e6ri vi\u00f0 7 s\u00f6fnu\u00f0i \u00ed As\u00edu, en bo\u00f0skapurinn \u00e1 reyndar enn \u00ed dag erindi vi\u00f0 alla kristna menn. Hann er \u00ed st\u00f3rum dr\u00e1ttum \u00ed \u00ferennu lagi:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Ill \u00f6fl eru a\u00f0 verki \u00ed heiminum og kristnir menn mega b\u00faast vi\u00f0 \u00fej\u00e1ningum og dau\u00f0a;<\/li>\n
  2. Jes\u00fas er Drottinn og hann mun sigra allar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir og valdhafa, sem setja sig upp \u00e1 m\u00f3ti Gu\u00f0i \u2013 a\u00f0 r\u00f3mverska heimsveldinu me\u00f0t\u00f6ldu; og<\/li>\n
  3. Gu\u00f0 mun launa \u00feeim r\u00edkulega, sem reynast tr\u00fair, einkum \u00feeim sem l\u00e1ta l\u00edfi\u00f0 vegna hollustunnar vi\u00f0 hann.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u00deetta var kr\u00f6ftugur bo\u00f0skapur vonar til handa hinum kristnu \u00ed frumkirkjunni, f\u00f3lki, sem m\u00e1tti \u00fej\u00e1st og l\u00e1ta l\u00edfi\u00f0 fyrir tr\u00fa s\u00edna. Efni Opinberunarb\u00f3karinnar f\u00e6r\u00f0i \u00fev\u00ed heim sanninn um \u00fea\u00f0, a\u00f0 \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir grimmd og valdn\u00ed\u00f0slu r\u00f3mverska heimsveldisins, mundi Jes\u00fas (Gu\u00f0s lambi\u00f0) vinna hinn endanlega sigur.<\/p>\n

    Skyggnst \u00e1 bak vi\u00f0 tj\u00f6ldin<\/h3>\n

    Ekki er vita\u00f0 hver s\u00e1 J\u00f3hannes var, sem Opinberunarb\u00f3kin er vi\u00f0 kennd. Nafni\u00f0 J\u00f3hannes var algengt me\u00f0al Gy\u00f0inga og kristinna manna, og hvergi kemur fram, a\u00f0 h\u00f6fundur b\u00f3karinnar s\u00e9 einn af postulunum t\u00f3lf. Au\u00f0veldara er a\u00f0 geta s\u00e9r til um hven\u00e6r b\u00f3kin var skrifu\u00f0, \u00fe\u00f3tt ekkert s\u00e9 \u00fe\u00f3 fullv\u00edst um \u00fea\u00f0. D\u00f3mit\u00edanus keisari, sem r\u00edkti fr\u00e1 81 til 91 e. Kr., var fyrsti keisarinn \u00ed R\u00f3m, sem kraf\u00f0ist \u00feess a\u00f0 menn d\u00fdrku\u00f0u sig eins og gu\u00f0, og kristnir menn me\u00f0taldir. Trajanus keisari gaf s\u00ed\u00f0ar \u00fat tilskipun \u00feess efnis, a\u00f0 m\u00f6nnum b\u00e6ri einnig a\u00f0 tilbi\u00f0ja l\u00e1tna keisara. \u00dear sem Opinberunarb\u00f3kin beinir or\u00f0um s\u00ednum til kristinna manna, sem s\u00e6ta ofs\u00f3knum fyrir \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 vilja ekki g\u00f6fga keisarann, hallast sumir fr\u00e6\u00f0imenn a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 h\u00fan hafi veri\u00f0 ritu\u00f0 seint \u00e1 r\u00edkis\u00e1rum D\u00f3mit\u00edanusar e\u00f0a a\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0rum kosti \u00e1 valdat\u00edma Trajanusar. A\u00f0rir telja aftur \u00e1 m\u00f3ti a\u00f0 h\u00fan hafi or\u00f0i\u00f0 til miklu fyrr, e\u00f0a sk\u00f6mmu \u00e1\u00f0ur en Jer\u00fasalem var l\u00f6g\u00f0 \u00ed ey\u00f0i \u00e1ri\u00f0 70 e. Kr.<\/p>\n

    \u00cd Opinberunarb\u00f3kinni eru margir t\u00f6lustafir nota\u00f0ir sem t\u00e1kn, eins og t.d. talan sj\u00f6, sem \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir algj\u00f6rleika e\u00f0a fullkomnun. Fleiri og annars konar t\u00e1kn er og a\u00f0 finna \u00ed b\u00f3kinni. \u00deannig t\u00e1knar borgin „Bab\u00fdlon“ \u00feau \u00f6fl, sem setja sig upp \u00e1 m\u00f3ti Gu\u00f0i. Kristnir lesendur vissu, a\u00f0 h\u00e9r var \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 R\u00f3maborg. \u00deeir vissu l\u00edka, a\u00f0 \u00feegar \u00ed b\u00f3kinni st\u00f3\u00f0 „lambi\u00f0“, a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 var \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 Jes\u00fa Krist.<\/p>\n

    Efnisyfirlit Opinberunarb\u00f3kar J\u00f3hannesar<\/h3>\n

    \u00deetta margslungna rit hermir fr\u00e1 str\u00ed\u00f0i kirkjunnar vi\u00f0 andst\u00e6\u00f0inga Gu\u00f0s. Fyrst er sagt fr\u00e1 bar\u00e1ttu sj\u00f6 kirkjusafna\u00f0a \u00ed As\u00edu. En b\u00f3kinni l\u00fdkur me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hinum gl\u00e6sta sigri Gu\u00f0s er l\u00fdst \u00ed mikilfenglegri s\u00fdn og gefur \u00fear a\u00f0 l\u00edta n\u00fdjan himin og n\u00fdja j\u00f6r\u00f0 framt\u00ed\u00f0arinnar.<\/p>\n