\u00cdsraels\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0in var heil\u00f6g, „tekin fr\u00e1 handa Gu\u00f0i,“ og bar a\u00f0 hl\u00fd\u00f0a bo\u00f0or\u00f0um hans.\u00a0 \u00cd 2. M\u00f3seb\u00f3k, 19. kap\u00edtula, 5. og 6. versi greinir fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 Gu\u00f0 hafi fali\u00f0 M\u00f3se a\u00f0 segja\u00a0 \u00cdsraelsm\u00f6nnum:\u00a0 „\u00dei\u00f0 skulu\u00f0 ver\u00f0a s\u00e9rst\u00f6k eign m\u00edn, konungsr\u00edki presta og heil\u00f6g \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0.“\u00a0Jesaja sp\u00e1ma\u00f0ur r\u00e6\u00f0ir \u00fea\u00f0, sem af \u00feessu fyrirheiti lei\u00f0ir, er hann segir vi\u00f0 hina harm\u00ferungnu \u00ed Jer\u00fasalem:\u00a0„\u00de\u00e9r ver\u00f0i\u00f0 nefndir prestar Drottins og kalla\u00f0ir \u00fej\u00f3nar Gu\u00f0s vors“ (Jes 61.6).<\/p>\n
\u00de\u00f3tt allir \u00e6ttu a\u00f0 vera sem prestar, m\u00e6lti Gu\u00f0 svo fyrir, a\u00f0 menn af \u00e6ttb\u00e1lki Lev\u00ed skyldu greindur fr\u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0rum til helgrar \u00fej\u00f3nustu, fyrst \u00ed tjaldb\u00fa\u00f0inni og s\u00ed\u00f0an musterinu \u00ed Jer\u00fasalem (4M\u00f3s 1.49-51; 3.5-13).\u00a0\u00deessi st\u00e9tt skipti svo me\u00f0 s\u00e9r verkum:\u00a01)\u00a0 Lev\u00edtar voru a\u00f0sto\u00f0armenn prestanna, s\u00e1u um \u00ferif helgid\u00f3msins og undirbjuggu f\u00f3rnarathafnir.\u00a0 2)\u00a0Prestar b\u00e1ru fram f\u00f3rnir og \u00fej\u00f3nu\u00f0u a\u00f0 helgihaldinu.\u00a0 3)\u00a0\u00c6\u00f0sti presturinn var yfir helgid\u00f3minum og m\u00e1tti enginn nema hann ganga fyrir auglit Drottins inni \u00ed „hinu allrahelgasta“ (2M\u00f3s 28.29).<\/p>\n
Prestar skr\u00fdddust helgum skr\u00fa\u00f0a (2M\u00f3s 28.4-39) og settu upp gulli\u00f0 h\u00f6fu\u00f0dj\u00e1sn, sem \u00ed var grafi\u00f0:\u00a0 Helga\u00f0ur Drottni.\u00a0 \u00deeir b\u00e1ru og brj\u00f3stskj\u00f6ld me\u00f0 n\u00f6fnum hinna t\u00f3lf \u00e6ttkv\u00edsla \u00cdsraels.\u00a0\u00a0 Meginhluverk prestanna var tv\u00ed\u00fe\u00e6tt:\u00a0 1) Samf\u00e9lag vi\u00f0 Drottin \u00ed helgid\u00f3mi hans (samfundatjaldinu og s\u00ed\u00f0ar musterinu).\u00a0 2) A\u00f0 hreinsa l\u00fd\u00f0inn af syndum s\u00ednum frammi fyrir Drottni.<\/p>\n
\u00c1ri\u00f0 538 f. Kr. h\u00f3fu Gy\u00f0ingar, \u00edb\u00faar J\u00fadar\u00edkis, heimf\u00f6rina \u00far \u00fatleg\u00f0inni \u00ed Bab\u00fdlon.\u00a0 Sk\u00f6mmu s\u00ed\u00f0ar s\u00f6g\u00f0u sp\u00e1mennirnir f\u00f3lkinu a\u00f0 endurreisa musteri\u00f0, sem Bab\u00fdlon\u00edumenn h\u00f6f\u00f0u lagt \u00ed ey\u00f0i 586 f. Kr., og hefja \u00fear helgihald a\u00f0 n\u00fdju (Hag 1.1,12,14; Sak 3.6,7; 4.14).<\/p>\n
\u00c1 annarri \u00f6ld f. Kr. reisti Ant\u00edokkus IV. Ep\u00edfanes, konungur \u00e1 S\u00fdrlandi, l\u00edkneski af Seifi, sem var \u00e6\u00f0stur gu\u00f0a me\u00f0 Grikkjum og R\u00f3mverjum, \u00ed musterinu og reyndi a\u00f0 \u00fer\u00f6ngva Gy\u00f0ingum til \u00feess a\u00f0 f\u00e6ra \u00fev\u00ed f\u00f3rnir.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00deetta var\u00f0 til \u00feess a\u00f0 Gy\u00f0ingar, undir stj\u00f3rn Makkabea, ger\u00f0u uppreisn 168-165 f. Kr.\u00a0 \u00cd kj\u00f6lfar hennar endurheimtu \u00feeir musteri\u00f0 og ur\u00f0u sj\u00e1lfs s\u00edn r\u00e1\u00f0andi um hr\u00ed\u00f0 (165 til 63 f. Kr.).\u00a0 Sumir prestanna gengu fram fyrir skj\u00f6ldu \u00ed uppreisninni.<\/p>\n
\u00c1ri\u00f0 63 f. Kr. r\u00e9\u00f0ust R\u00f3mverjar inn \u00ed Palest\u00ednu og hert\u00f3ku landi\u00f0.\u00a0 \u00de\u00e1 gengu prestar Gy\u00f0inga til li\u00f0s vi\u00f0 R\u00f3mverja, sem h\u00f6f\u00f0u leyft Her\u00f3desi konungi a\u00f0 byggja n\u00fdtt og st\u00f3rfenglegt musteri \u00ed Jer\u00fasalem. \u00a0Prestast\u00e9ttin \u00ed \u00cdsrael lei\u00f0 undir lok \u00e1ri\u00f0 70 e. Kr., \u00feegar R\u00f3mverjar l\u00f6g\u00f0u musteri\u00f0 \u00ed r\u00fast eftir a\u00f0ra uppreisn Gy\u00f0inga, og hefur \u00fea\u00f0 ekki veri\u00f0 endurbyggt s\u00ed\u00f0an.<\/p>\n
\u00dea\u00f0 var atvinna prestanna a\u00f0 f\u00e6ra Drottni \u00feakkarf\u00f3rnir fyrir velgj\u00f6r\u00f0ir hans og syndaf\u00f3rnir til a\u00f0 fri\u00f0\u00fe\u00e6gja fyrir afbrot \u00feegns og \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ar og f\u00e1 fyrirgefningu Drottins.\u00a0N\u00fdja testamenti\u00f0 kennir, a\u00f0 Jes\u00fas hafi \u00e1 krossinum l\u00e1ti\u00f0 l\u00edf sitt til lausnargjalds fyrir alla menn (Mrk 10.45) og hafi Gu\u00f0 sent hann til \u00feess a\u00f0 bera sj\u00e1lfan sig fram sem f\u00f3rn og leysa me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed l\u00fd\u00f0 sinn fr\u00e1 syndum hans (R\u00f3m 3.25,26).\u00a0\u00a0 Hebreabr\u00e9fi\u00f0 kallar Jes\u00fa mikinn \u00e6\u00f0sta prest, sem hafi \u00ed eitt skipti fyrir \u00f6ll afm\u00e1\u00f0 syndina me\u00f0 f\u00f3rninni, sem hann f\u00e6r\u00f0i \u00e1 krossinum (Heb 4.14-5,7; 10.1-18).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"