Or\u00f0i\u00f0 „s\u00fdnag\u00f3ga“ (samkunda) er komi\u00f0 \u00far gr\u00edsku, dregi\u00f0 af s\u00f6gn sem \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir „a\u00f0 koma (e\u00f0a safna) saman“.\u00a0 \u00cd Bibl\u00edunni er \u00fea\u00f0 nota\u00f0 um h\u00f3p f\u00f3lks sem s\u00e6kir\u00a0\u00a0 gu\u00f0s\u00fej\u00f3nustu.\u00a0 Ekki er v\u00edst hven\u00e6r samkundurnar ur\u00f0u til, en tr\u00falega hefur \u00fea\u00f0 veri\u00f0 eftir a\u00f0 Bab\u00fdl\u00f3n\u00edumenn l\u00f6g\u00f0u J\u00fada undir sig \u00e1ri\u00f0 586 f. Kr. og fluttu marga af \u00edb\u00faunum \u00e1 brott (sj\u00e1 athugagrein vi\u00f0 1.6b-11).\u00a0 Me\u00f0an \u00e1 dv\u00f6linni \u00ed Bab\u00fdl\u00f3n st\u00f3\u00f0 gat f\u00f3lki\u00f0 ekki tigna\u00f0 Gu\u00f0 \u00ed musterinu \u00ed Jer\u00fasalem e\u00f0a f\u00e6rt honum f\u00f3rnir, svo \u00fea\u00f0 var\u00f0 a\u00f0 haga helgihaldinu \u00f6\u00f0ru v\u00edsi.<\/p>\n
S\u00ed\u00f0ar t\u00f3ku gy\u00f0ingar a\u00f0 flytjast til annarra landa, einkum Egyptalands, Grikklands og h\u00e9ra\u00f0anna sem n\u00fana eru Tyrkland og su\u00f0urhlutar R\u00fasslands.\u00a0 \u00de\u00e1 komu \u00feeir saman til gu\u00f0s\u00fej\u00f3nustu og ritningarlesturs og til \u00feess a\u00f0 halda h\u00f3pinn.\u00a0 \u00deetta samneyti var kalla\u00f0 samkundur.\u00a0 \u00cd heimalandinu h\u00e9ldu Gy\u00f0ingar \u00e1fram\u00a0 a\u00f0 efna til \u00feessara samfunda og \u00fea\u00f0 jafnt fyrir \u00fev\u00ed \u00fe\u00f3tt konungarnir af \u00e6tt Selevk\u00edda reyndu a\u00f0 \u00fer\u00f6ngva \u00feeim til \u00feess a\u00f0 tilbi\u00f0ja gr\u00edska gu\u00f0i.\u00a0 Einn \u00feeirra, Ant\u00edokkus IV Ep\u00edfanes, sem r\u00edkti \u00ed Palest\u00ednu fr\u00e1 175 til 164 f. Kr., kraf\u00f0ist \u00feess a\u00f0 vera tilbe\u00f0inn sem gu\u00f0 v\u00e6ri, l\u00edkt og Alexander mikli haf\u00f0i gert \u00e1 undan honum.\u00a0 Prestar gy\u00f0inga af Makkabea-\u00e6tt f\u00f3ru fyrir uppreisn gegn \u00feessum gr\u00edska konungi. Eftir \u00fea\u00f0 var\u00f0 \u00feeim frelsis au\u00f0i\u00f0 um hr\u00ed\u00f0 og settust sj\u00e1lfir a\u00f0 r\u00edki, en framfer\u00f0i Makkabeanna s\u00ed\u00f0ar var\u00f0 til \u00feess a\u00f0 flokkadr\u00e6ttir ur\u00f0u \u00ed landinu. Voru \u00fdmsir \u00f3s\u00e1ttir vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 hvergi v\u00e6ri h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 koma saman til helgihalds nema \u00ed musterinu.\u00a0\u00deeir f\u00f3ru \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hittast \u00e1 heimilum og \u00f6\u00f0rum hentugum st\u00f6\u00f0um til \u00feess a\u00f0 rannsaka Ritningarnar og r\u00e6\u00f0a tilganginn me\u00f0 l\u00edfi Gy\u00f0s l\u00fd\u00f0s.<\/p>\n
Svona var \u00e1statt \u00e1 d\u00f6gum Jes\u00fa (Mark 1.21; 6.2) og postulanna (Post 1.12-14; 9.2-20; 13.5).\u00a0 \u00dear sem burtfluttir gy\u00f0ingar fj\u00f6lmenntu var fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 kalla „b\u00e6nasta\u00f0i“ (Post 16.16).\u00a0 Eftir a\u00f0 herir R\u00f3mverja l\u00f6g\u00f0u munsteri\u00f0 \u00ed Jer\u00fasamelm \u00ed r\u00fast \u00e1ri\u00f0 70 e. Kr. h\u00f6f\u00f0u musterisprestarnir engan sta\u00f0 lengur til \u00feess a\u00f0 halda gu\u00f0s\u00fej\u00f3nustur.\u00a0 Musteri\u00f0 st\u00f3\u00f0 ekki lengur uppi og \u00fev\u00ed ur\u00f0u samkundurnar mikilsver\u00f0asti \u00fe\u00e1tturinn \u00ed helgihaldi gy\u00f0inga og f\u00e9lagsl\u00edfi \u00feeirra \u00ed Mi\u00f0jar\u00f0arhafsl\u00f6ndunum \u00f6llum.\u00a0 Gy\u00f0ingar h\u00e9ldu \u00e1fram a\u00f0 m\u00e6la s\u00e9r m\u00f3t \u00e1 heimilum e\u00f0a \u00ed opinberum fundarh\u00fasum, svo sem sj\u00e1 m\u00e1 \u00ed Postulas\u00f6gunni \u00fear sem segir fr\u00e1 P\u00e1li \u00ed Efesus (Post 19.8-10).\u00a0 \u00dea\u00f0 var ekki fyrr en \u00e1 annarri og \u00feri\u00f0ju \u00f6ld eftir Krist a\u00f0 teki\u00f0 var a\u00f0 laga h\u00fas a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f6rfum gu\u00f0s\u00fej\u00f3nustunnar og byggja n\u00fd sl\u00edk.\u00a0Einnig\u00a0 \u00feau voru nefnd samkundur.\u00a0 Fundist hafa fornminjar sem vitna um \u00fe\u00e6r v\u00ed\u00f0a \u00ed \u00cdsrael og l\u00f6ndunum\u00a0kringum Mi\u00f0jar\u00f0arhafi\u00f0.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"